發現牛大 Refugee Studies Centre 的 Forced Migration Review 最新一期（四月）主軸為緬甸邊境漂流人民，是兩週前的事；把 URL 和 pdf 檔都先抓了下來，打算「歸咎於從來不知時間管理為何物，而因此造成總無法提早完成作業」的瘋狂寫字期過去，能好好讀。
但是，五月二日，熱帶暴風狠狠肆虐伊洛瓦底江沿岸大小城鎮，巨浪吞噬與狂風橫掃，這十日統計下來，估計約二萬人被 displaced 於原本家園，而約三萬人以上從此被 displaced 於人世間。雖有不忍聽讀下去的一則則新聞，卻還是不免因那藐視人權的緬甸軍政府仍拒絕國際援助或阻礙救護工作而無力但憤慨著。
不過，綿薄可盡：英國這邊，Oxfam 開啟了網路捐款機制可以提供協助；台灣那邊，可以透過紅十字會。 （新增：梅道診所以及世界展望會）
而下頭這個，是當時突生聯想而抓下要跟英社討論的，但似乎暫時仍沒有正襟危坐而說三道四的機會：
http://www.fmreview.org/statelessness.htm
We encourage readers to send us written contributions on any aspect of contemporary forced migration. Each issue of FMR has a feature theme but at least a third of each issue is set aside for ‘non-theme’ articles.
Issue 32 – Deadline for submission of articles is 6th of October to be published in January 2009 – will include a feature section on:
Statelessness
So much of our official identity depends on the fact that we belong in a nation-state and on the recognition of rights and duties – even if they are often ignored or denied - that this entails. Yet ever since the early part of the 20th century, when the idea of the nation-state became universally accepted as the model for governance, there have been people with whom no state acknowledges the legal bond of nationality. There have been numerous positive developments in international law since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which established that “everyone has the right to a nationality”. Yet today it is estimated that as many as 15 million people remain stateless. They range from individuals to entire religious or ethnic groups and the reasons why people are stateless range from the accidental to deliberate persecution.
The FMR Editors are looking for practice-oriented submissions, reflecting a diverse range of opinions, which address questions such as the following:
- Is statelessness a significant phenomenon in the modern world? Is it under-recognised? And if so, why? Who are the stateless people? How are they identified?
- What are the experiences of living in a state but without the rights of citizens? What are the human costs of statelessness? How does statelessness affect human development across the lifespan? Does statelessness have a different impact on women, men and children?
- Given the multiple causes for people to be stateless, is there just one kind of statelessness? Does statelessness cause forced migration or forced migration lead to statelessness? Is there a link between trafficking and statelessness? Can ‘stranded migrants’ be considered stateless? How does statelessness affect the search for durable solutions?
- What are the policies of relevant international institutions in relation to stateless people? Are they changing and, if so, how and why? What is the role of the international humanitarian community in filling the protection gap affecting stateless people? What strategies can be used to ensure that people who were formerly stateless are fully integrated in society?
- What steps do development agencies and anti-poverty campaigns employ to ensure inclusion of stateless persons?
- What recourse do stateless people have? What examples are there of people collectively advocating to achieve citizenship?
- Nationality being conferred by States, what tools does the international community have to challenge laws and policies which give rise to statelessness? What tools can be used to prevent statelessness and how successfully have they been used?
- What approaches are being taken by international institutions to resolve specific or general situations of statelessness? What role can birth registration and issuance of personal identity documents play in prevention and reduction strategies?
- What does it mean in practical terms that everyone has the right to a nationality under Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Is it possible to end statelessness around the world? What kinds of remedies are there for statelessness? What examples are there of successful legal cases to win citizenship? What are the legal fora where this can happen?
- Are there any advantages to being stateless?
We are keen to reflect the experiences and knowledge of communities and individuals affected by statelessness.
Please email the Editors at fmr@qeh.ox.ac.uk if you are interested in contributing or have suggestions of colleagues who may wish to. Please consider writing for us even if you have not written an article before. We would be happy to work with you to develop an article about your experience.
If you are planning to write, we would be grateful if you would take note of our Guidelines for Contributors at: www.fmreview.org/writing.htm.
Deadline for submission of articles: 6 October 2008.
Maximum length: 2,500 words.
FMR is totally dependent on grant income. We need approximately £75,000 / $151,000 / €98,000 to cover the design, translation, print and distribution costs of this issue in English, French, Arabic and Spanish. We would be very grateful for any advice you can give as to which agencies you think we could approach for a partial contribution towards these costs.
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是的，自己總是覺得自己，stateless 且 displaced。
又是五月母親節。娘替爹往島南端的高雄打了通問暖電話，向恐要孤老到逝去的那位爹的血親母親道快樂；自己越年長，心裡就也越惦著要去探看她。生活上這麼剛巧這麼多，就這麼剛巧回頭讀到《左營的腳踏車》這一段摘如下，淚也就同步唏噓地撲簌而下；對，世界離你不遠，褚那新書抬頭說得對，因為，心遠才是讓人倍感陌生冷漠的冰點。
「幫爹去愛她吧！」對自己低囑了下。爹這一甲子過去了，島南端不遠，把怨懟放下才能愛與被愛。
我是左營長大的孩子，無論離開多久，到了世界多遠的地方，還是把左營當作故鄉，就連在美國的聖誕節，當年一起念幼稚園的同學，也不辭千里帶著另一半從西岸的舊金山飛到東岸的波士頓專程來找我過節，那種人情的溫暖一直是我成長過程中很特殊的記憶。
高鐵通車後，我開始認真考慮搬回到從小生長的地方。想像每次回到國門，從機場搭接駁車到高鐵桃園站，然後一路就到左營，所花的時間不見得比搭車到台北長，但是卻能生活在一個步調緩慢、陽光溫暖的南部小鎮，似乎是件很美好的事情。
第一次搭高鐵列車到久違多年的左營，特地到早了，出了站卻一點都不認得身在何處。小時候，左營沒有美術館，沒有豪宅，沒有波浪屋頂的高鐵，沒有巨蛋，沒有捷運，只有懶洋洋的巴士，在左營大路上來回於左營北站跟左營南站之間，只有加工區上下班時間如蝗蟲過境的摩托車大軍，只有眷村，海軍陸戰隊，只有路邊的蒸菱角，只有蓮池潭跟春秋閣。
還記得小時候一點都不期盼校外教學，因為問都不用問就是去蓮池潭跟春秋閣；寫生比賽? 不用說，除了蓮池潭跟春秋閣不作他想；週末全家人出遊? 蓮池潭，春秋閣，頂多加上旁邊的龍虎塔、孔廟。誰知道幼時如夢靨般陰渾不散的蓮池潭春秋閣雙人組，長大以後卻變成魂縈夢牽的美好回憶?
想想，去西子灣看海吧! 從高鐵站搭公車到高雄火車站，再從火車站轉搭1號公車到鼓山區哈瑪星輪渡站，從那裡我可以去西子灣的沙灘，也可以搭渡輪到彼岸的旗津，旗津很長，差不多有十來公里，有海水浴場、觀海景觀步道，還可以吃像棒棒糖般串在竹籤上啃的整條魷魚，以及難以評斷到底算好吃還是難吃的菱角冰。但是等了十分鐘，才想起來高雄的公車不像台北，不是等個幾分鐘就會來的，索性就放棄了。
『如果高鐵站有出租腳踏車店，那該有多好?』我忍不住突發奇想。從左營騎腳踏車到蓮池潭，從高鐵後站延著半屏山到翠華路，再沿著明潭路、環潭路，走路也只要十多分鐘就可到，騎車的話只要幾分鐘就到了...點閱全文。
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補記：發現爹寫了篇母親節感言，噙著淚讀了幾遍。對著島南端的那位爹一生四個女人之一，看爹說了「生我的,從沒照顧過我一天,除了這臭皮囊,兩人無緣無情,可惜！」這樣的結語。
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